What does "surfeit" mean?

The term "surfeit" refers to an excessive amount of something, especially in relation to food or indulgence. It implies that there is an abundance or overabundance that can lead to a negative consequence, such as overindulgence or waste. This is why the answer indicating an excessive amount is correct, as it captures the essence of the word.

The other choices relate to quantities but do not reflect the meaning of "surfeit." An inadequate amount suggests a deficit, a balanced quantity indicates an equal or just right amount, and a limited supply conveys scarcity. In contrast, "surfeit" specifically conveys the notion of too much, making it clear why the correct choice emphasizes excess.